Publications & Presentations
Publications:
2021
Tournade CM, Doss GA, Adamovicz LA, Ambar N, Allender MC, Lennox AM, Gasper DJ, Mans C. Antemortem diagnosis of Nannizziopsis guarroi fungal pneumonia in a green iguana (Iguana iguana). In press, J Exot Pet Med 4/2021.
Doden G, Gartlan B, Klein K, Maddox C, Adamovicz L, Allender MC. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp. in two free-ranging populations of eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). In press, J Zoo Wildl Med 2/2021.
Klein K, Adamovicz L, Phillips CA, Allender MC. Blood lactate concentrations in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) following capture by a canine search team. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2021;52(1),259-267.
Vivirito K, Haynes E, Adamovicz L, Wright A, Durante K, Stanford K, Scott E, Allender MC. Ultraviolet fluorescence as a field-applicable screening tool for lesions consistent with ophidiomycosis in Lake Erie watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon insularum). J Wildl Dis. 2021; 57(2):380–385.
Andersson K, Adamovicz L, Mumm L, Winter J, Glowacki G, Teixeira-Neto R, Adkesson MJ, Hostnik ET, Allender MC. Detection of a novel herpesvirus associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a free-ranging Blanding’s turtle. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2021;33(2):348-351.
Willis TJ, Adamovicz L, Kessler E, DiGeronimo PM, Allender MC. Absence of herpesvirus in a survey of alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) in Illinois and Louisiana. J Herp Med Surg. 2021;31(1):43–47.
2020
Klein K, Gartlan B, Doden G, Fredrickson K, Adamovicz L, Allender MC. Comparing the effects of lithium heparin and dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on hematologic values in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2020;51(4): 999–1006.
Winter JM, Mumm L, Adamovicz LA, Andersson KE, Glowacki GA, Allender MC. Characterizing the epidemiology of historic and novel pathogens in Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2020;51(3):606-617.
Edmonds D, Adamovicz L, Rakotoarisoa JC, Soamiarimampionona J, Harris R. Seasonal activity patterns of golden mantellas (Mantella aurantiaca). Joural of Herpetology. 2020;54(3):325-330.
Adamovicz L, Allender MC, Gibbons PM. Emerging infectious diseases of chelonians an update. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice. 2020;23(2):263-283.
Franzen-Klein D, Adamovicz L, McRuer D, Carroll SA, Wellehan JFX, Allender MC. Prevalence of box turtle adenovirus 1 in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) presented to a wildlife rehabilitation center in Virgina, USA. Journal of Zoo Wildlife Medicine. 2020;50(4):769.
Edmonds D, Adamovicz L, Allender MC, Dreslik MJ. Reproductive output of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata) in Illinois. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2020;15(2):467–475.
Rayl, J.M., L. Adamovicz, A.W. Stern, M.D. Vieson, C.A. Phillips, M. Kelly, M. Beerman, M.C. Allender. 2020. Mortality investigation of radio telemetered Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in central Illinois from 2016-2018. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 56(2).
Sheldon, J.D., M.J. Adkesson, M.C. Allender, J.A. Balko, R.S. Bailey, J.N. Langan, S.K. Chinnadurai. 2020. Objective gait analysis in Humboldt penguins (Sphenicus humboldti) using a pressure-sensitive walkway. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 50.4:910-916.
Adamovicz, L., S.J. Baker, M. Merchant, M.C. Allender. 2020. Plasma antibacterial activities in ornate (Terrapene ornate ornate) and Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology. 333:295-305.
Guzman-Vargas, V., J.L. Alexander, H.M.A. Fenton, K.D. Niedringhaus, M.C. Allender, L.A. Shender. 2020. Ophidiomycosis in Florida’s wild snakes: state records and treatment of an infected Nerodia taxispilota. Herpetological Review. 51:47-51.
Principati, S.L., K.A. Keller, M.C. Allender, S. Reich, J. Whittington. 2020. Prognostic indicators for survival of orphaned neonatal and juvenile eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus): 1256 cases (2012-2017). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, in press.
2019
Balko, J., S. Chinnadurai, M.C. Allender. 2019. Evaluation of the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular alfaxalone compared with isoflurane inhalant and manual restraint in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association 254(12): 1427-1435.
Adamovicz, L., J. Griffioen, A. Cerreta, G.A. Lewbart, M.C. Allender. 2019. Tissue enzyme activities in free-living Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50: 45-54.
Sheldon, J.D., L. Adamovicz, P. Burvenich, S.K. Chinnadurai, M.C. Allender. 2019. Effects of oxygen and isoflurane anesthesia on hemolymph gas analysis and righting reflex of Asian forest (Heterometrus longimanus) and dictator scorpions (Pandinus dictator). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50:111-122.
DiGeronimo, P.M., C. Hansen, L.V. Latney, L.A. Adamovicz, M.C. Allender. 2019. Detection of Mycoplasma sp. in wild-caught critically endangered Indochinese box turtles (Cuora bourreti). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50: 254-257.
Woodburn, D.B., A.N. Miller, M.C. Allender, L.L. Hoyer, C.N. Maddox, K.A. Terio. 2019. Emydomyces testavorans, a new genus and species of onygenalean fungus isolated from shell lesions of freshwater aquatic turtles. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 57:e00628-18.
Turpen, K.K., K.R. Welle, J. Trail, S.D. Patel, M.C. Allender. 2019 Establishing stress behaviors in response to manual restraint in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 33(1):38-45.
Bailey, R.S., J.D. Sheldon, M.C. Allender, M.J. Adkesson, S.K. Chinnadurai. 2019. Analgesic efficacy of tramadol compared to meloxicam in ducks (Cairina moschata domestica) evaluated by ground reactive forces. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 33(2):133-140.
Baker, S.J., E. Haynes, M. Gramhofer, K. Stanford, S. Bailey, M. Christman, K. Conley, S. Frasca, R.J. Ossiboff, D. Lobato, M.C. Allender. 2019. Case definition and diagnostic testing for snake fungal disease. Herpetological Review 50(2):279-285.
dePersio, S., M.C. Allender, M.J. Dreslik, L. Adamovicz, C.A. Phillips, B. Willeford, L.P. Kane, S. Joslyn, R. O’Brien. 2019. Body Condition of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) Evaluated by Computed Tomography. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50(2): 295-302.
Rayl, J.M., J.F.X. Wellehan, D. Bunick, M.C. Allender. 2019. Development of reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assays for detection of the cytokines IL-1B, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 in chelonians. Cytokine 119:16-23.
Lindemann, D.M., M.C. Allender, D. Thompson, G.A. Glowacki, E.M. Newman, L.A. Adamovicz, R.L. Smith. 2019. Epidemiology of Emydoidea herpesvirus 1 in free-ranging Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) from Illinois. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50(3): 547-556.
Newman, E.M., M.C. Allender, D. Thompson, G.A. Glowacki, M. Ivancic, M.J. Adkesson, D.M. Lindemann. 2019. Measuring fat content using computed tomography to establish a body condition index in free-ranging Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in Illinois. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50(3):594-603.
Peiffer, L.B., S. Sander, K. Gabrielson, A. Pessier, M.C. Allender, T. Waltzek, E. Bronson, L. Mangus. 2019. Fatal ranavirus infection in a group of captive Meller’s chameleons (Triceros melleri). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50(3): 696-705.
Walker, D.M., J.E. Leys, M. Grisnik, A. Grajal-Puche, C.M. Murray, M.C. Allender. 2019. Variability in snake skin microbial assemblages across spatial scales and disease states. The ISME Journal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0416-x.
Long, R.B., D. Love, K.E. Seeley, S. Patel, M.C. Allender, M.M. Garner, J. Ramer. 2019. Host factors and testing modality agreement associated with Ophidiomyces infection in a free-ranging snake population in southeast Ohio, USA. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50(2): 405-413.
Britton, M., M.C. Allender, S-H Hasiao, S.J. Baker. 2019. Postnatal mortality in neonate rattlesnakes associated with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50(3):672-677.
Boers, K.L., M.C. Allender, L.J. Novak, J. Palmer, L. Adamovicz, S.L. Deem. 2019. Assessment of hematologic and corticosterone response in free-living eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at capture and after handling. Zoo Biology, DOI:10.1002/zoo.21518.
King, E., E.T. Hostnik, R. Junge, M. Adkesson, E. Newman, M.C. Allender. Computed tomography hepatic attenuation in three species of freshwater turtles. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 61.2:181-189.
McMichael, M.A., D.C. Ferguson, M.C. Allender, W. Cope, M. Kalantzis, S. Haniya, D. Searsmith, M. Montebello. Use of a multimodal, peer-to-peer learning management system for introduction of critical thinking to first year veterinary students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.
Adamovicz, L., D.B. Woodburn, S.V. Herrera, K. Low, C.A. Phillips, A.R. Kuhns, J.A. Crawford, M.C. Allender. Initial characterization of Dermotheca sp. infection in a midwestern state-endangered salamander (Ambyostoma platineum) and a co-occurring common species (Ambyostoma texanum). Parasitology. 147.3:360-370.
Sheldon, J.D. M.J. Adkesson, M.C. Allender, G. Jankowski, S. Cardenas-Alayza. 2019. Measurement of intraocular pressure using rebound tonometry in anesthetized free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 55(4):885-888.
Cox, S., J. Bergman, M.C. Allender, K. Beckmen, W. Lance. 2019. Determination of thiafentanil in plasma using LC-MS. Journal of Chromatographic Science. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz098.
Winter, J.W., N.I. Stacy, L.A. Adamovicz, M.C. Allender. 2019. Investigating the analytical variability and agreement of manual leukocyte quantification methods in Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Frontiers in Veterinary Science. DOI:10.3389/fvets.2019.00398.
Guzman-Vargas, V., J.L. Alexander, H.M.A. Fenton, K.D. Niedringhaus, M.C. Allender, L.A. Shender. 2020. Ophidiomycosis in Florida’s wild snakes: state records and treatment of an infected Nerodia taxispilota. Herpetological Review. 51:47-51.
2018
Lindemann, D., M. Allender, L. Adamovicz, E. Dzhaman, & D. Thompson. 2018. ‘Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay for detection of Emydoidea herpesvirus 1 in free-ranging Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii)’, Journal of Virological Methods, vol. 254, p. 40-45.
Allender, M.C., A.C. Barthel, J.M. Rayl, K. Terio. 2018. Experimental transmission and molecular detection of frog virus 3-like ranavirus in juvenile chelonians (Trachemys scripta elegans, Graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii, Graptemys pseudogeographica, and Pseudemys concinna) at two temperatures. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. DOI:10.7589/2017-07-181.
Adamovicz, L., K. Leister, J. Byrd, C.A. Phillips, M.C. Allender. 2018. Venous blood gas in free-living eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) and effects of physiologic, demographic, and environmental factors. Conservation Physiology. 6:coy041; doi:10.1093/conphys/coy041.
Baker, S.J., E.K. Haynes, S.M. Lagrange, M. Britton, M.C. Allender. 2018. First confirmed occurrence of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in Indiana, USA. Herpetological Review 49(3); 470-473.
Sheldon, J.D., M.C. Allender, R.H. George, F. Bulman, K. Abney. 2018. Reproductive hormone patterns in male and female cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in an aquarium setting and correlation to ultrasonographic staging. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 49(3): 638-647.
Johnson, J.G., J.N. Langan, S.K. Chinnadurai, R. Drees, M. Warneke, M.C. Allender. 2018. Comparison of transcutaneous ultrasound and computed tomography evaluation of kidney size and evaluation of adrenal gland size using ultrasound in a colony of callimicos (Callimico goeldii). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 49:887-892.
Bailey, R.S., J.D. Sheldon, M.C. Allender, M.J. Adkesson, S.K. Chinnadurai. 2018. Pharmacokinetics of orally administered tramadol in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domestica). Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12743.
Grisnik, M., J.E. Leys, D. Bryan, R.H. Hardman, D.L. Miller, V.A. Cobb, C. Ogle, C. Simpson, J.R. Campbell, R.D. Applegate, M.C. Allender, E.J. Nordberg, A.A. Hoekstra, D.M. Walker. 2018. Host and geographic range of snake fungal disease in Tennessee, USA. Herpetological Review 49: 681-689.
2017
Johnson, J.G., L.M. Naples, W.G. Van Bonn, A.D. Kent, M.A. Mitchell, & M.C. Allender. 2017. ‘Evaluation of health parameters in cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) housed in a seasonal touch pool habitat compared with an off-exhibit habitat.’ Journal Of Zoo And Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication Of The American Association Of Zoo Veterinarians, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 954-960.
Archer, G.A., C.A. Phillips, L. Adamovicz, M. Band, J. Byrd, & M.C. Allender. 2017. ‘Detection of copathogens in free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Illinois and Tennessee.’ Journal Of Zoo And Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication Of The American Association Of Zoo Veterinarians, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1127-1134.
Butkus, C.E., M.C. Allender, C.A. Phillips, & L.A. Adamovicz. 2017. ‘Detection of ranavirus using bone marrow harvested from mortality events in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina).’ Journal Of Zoo And Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication Of The American Association Of Zoo Veterinarians, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1210-1214.
Hill, A.J., J.E. Leys, D. Bryan, F.M. Erdman, K.S. Malone, G.N. Russell, R.D. Applegate, H. Fenton, K. Niedringhaus, A.N. Miller, M.C. Allender, & D.M. Walker. 2017. ‘Common Cutaneous Bacteria Isolated from Snakes Inhibit Growth of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola’, Ecohealth.
Kane, L.P., M.C. Allender, G. Archer, K. Leister, M. Rzadkowska, K. Boers, M. Souza, & S. Cox. 2017. ‘Pharmacokinetics of nebulized and subcutaneously implanted terbinafine in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus)’, Journal Of Veterinary Pharmacology And Therapeutics, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 575-579.
Rasmussen, C., M.C. Allender, C.A. Phillips, J. Byrd, T. Lloyd, C. Maddox. 2017. ‘Multi-drug resistance patterns of enteric bacteria in two populations of free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)’, Journal Of Zoo And Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication Of The American Association Of Zoo Veterinarians, 48, 3, pp. 708-715.
Watson, M.K., J. Byrd, C.A. Phillips, & M.C. Allender. 2017. ‘Characterizing the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of two populations of free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina).’ Journal Of Zoo And Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication Of The American Association Of Zoo Veterinarians, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 742-747.
Lindemann, D.M., M.C. Allender, M. Rzadkowska, G. Archer, L. Kane, E. Baitchman, E.A. Driskell, C.T Chu, K. Singh, S. Hsiao, J.M. Sykes, & S. Cox. 2017. ‘Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of voriconazole and itraconazole in healthy cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) and massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) with snake fungal disease.’ Journal Of Zoo And Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication Of The American Association Of Zoo Veterinarians, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 757-766.
Kane, L.P., M.C. Allender, G. Archer, E. Dzhaman, J. Pauley, A.R. Moore, M.O. Ruiz, R.L. Smith, J. Byrd, & C.A. Phillips. 2017. ‘Prevalence of terrapene herpesvirus 1 in free ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Tennessee and Illinois, USA.’ Journal Of Wildlife Diseases, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 285-295.
Sheldon, J.D., M.J. Adkesson, M.C. Allender, G. Jankowski, J. Langan, M. Cardeña, & S. Cárdenas-Alayza. 2017. ‘Determination of Tear Production and Intraocular Pressure With Rebound Tonometry in Wild Humboldt Penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti )’, Journal Of Avian Medicine And Surgery, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 16-23
Lindemann, D.M., M.C. Allender, M. Rzadkowska, G. Archer, L. Kane, E. Baitchman, E.A. Driskell, C.T. Chu, K. Singh, S-H. Hsiao, J.M. Sykes, S. Cox. 2017. Pharmacokinetics and suspected toxicity associated with triazole antifungal use in healthy cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) and massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) with snake fungal disease. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 48:757-766.
Gray, M.J., A.L.J. Duffus, K.H. Haman, R.N. Harris, M.C. Allender, T.A. Thompson, M.R. Christman, A. Sacredote-Velat, L.A. Sprague, J.N. Williams, D.L. Miller. 2017. Pathogen surveillance in herpetofaunal populations: Guidance on study design, sample collection, biosecurity, and intervention strategies. Herpetological Review. 48:334-351.
Boers, K., K. Leister, J. Byrd, M. Band, C.A. Phillips, M.C. Allender. 2017. Capture effort, rate, demographics, and potential for disease transmission in wild eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) captured through canine directed searches. Herpetological Review. 48:300-304.
Hileman, E.T., M.C. Allender, D.R. Bradke, L.J. Faust, J.A. Moore, M.J. Ravesi, & S.J. Tetzlaff. 2017. ‘Estimation of Ophidiomyces prevalence to evaluate snake fungal disease risk’, Journal of Wildlife Management, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 173-181.
Tetzlaff, S. J., M.J. Ravesi, M.C. Allender, E.T. Carter, B.A. DeGregario, B.A. Kingsbury, J.M. Josimovixh. 2017. Ecology of free-ranging massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) with snake fungal disease. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 12:624-634.
Regester, K.J., M.C. Allender, K. Hayward. 2017. Surveillance for the snake fungal disease pathogen Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus c. catenatus), Western Pennsylvania, USA. Herpetological Review. 48:772-774.
2016
Cannizzo, S.A., J.N. Langan, M. Warneke, & M.C. Allender. 2016. ‘Evaluation of in-house urine dipstick, reference laboratory urinalysis and urine protein: creatinine ratio from a colony of callimicos (Callimico goeldii).’ Journal Of Zoo And Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication Of The American Association Of Zoo Veterinarians, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 977-983.
Kane, L.P., D. Bunick, M. Abd-Eldaim, E. Dzhaman, M.C. Allender. 2016. Development and validation of quantitative PCR for detection of Terrapene herpesvirus 1 utilizing free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Journal of Virological Methods. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.02.002
Allender, M.C., C.A. Phillips, S. Baker-Wylie, D.B. Wylie, A. Narotsky, M.J. Dreslik. 2016. Hematology in an Eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) population and the emergence of Ophidiomyces. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 52: 258-269.
Sim, R.R., M.C. Allender, L.K. Crawford, A.N. Wack, K.J. Murphy, J.L. Mankowski, E. Bronson. 2016. Ranaviral epizootic in captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) with concurrent herpesvirus and Mycoplasma infection: Management and Monitoring. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47: 256-270.
Rzadkowska, M., M.C. Allender, M. O’Dell, C. Maddox. 2016. Evaluation of common disinfectants against Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the causative agent of snake fungal disease. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, DOI: 10.7589/2016-01-012.
Allender, M.C., E.T. Hileman, J. Moore, S. Tetzlaff. 2016. Detection of Ophidiomyces, the causative agent of snake fungal disease, in the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) in Michigan. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, DOI: 10.7589/2015-12-333.
Barber, D.M., C.R. Sanchez, P. Roady, M.C. Allender. 2016. Snake fungal infection associated with Fusarium found in Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched water snake) in Texas, USA. Herpetological Review 47: 39—42.
White, C.L., M.J. Forzan, A.P. Pessier, M.C. Allender, J.R. Ballard, A. Catenazzi, H. Fenton, A. Martel, F. Pasmans, D.L. Miller, R.J. Ossiboff, K.L.D. Richgels, J.L. Kerby. 2016. Amphibian: A case definition and diagnostic criteria for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans chytridiomycosis. Herpetological Review 47:207-209.
Lloyd, T.C., M.C. Allender, G. Archer, C.A. Phillips, J. Byrd, A.R. Moore. 2016. Modeling hematologic and biochemical parameters with spatiotemporal analysis for the free-living eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Illinois and Tennessee. EcoHealth, 10.1007/s10393-016-1142-8.
Ravesi, M., S.J. Tetzlaff, M.C. Allender, B.A. Kingsbury. 2016. Detection of snake fungal disease from an eastern milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum) in northern Michigan. Northeastern Naturalist 23: N18-N21.
Rosser, M.F., D.M. Lindemann, A.M. Barger, M.C. Allender, V. Hsiao, M.E. Howes. 2016. Systemic blastomycosis in a captive red ruffed lemur (Varecia rubra). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47: 912-916.
Marschang, R.E., A.C. Stohr, M.C. Allender. 2016. Ranaviruses of reptiles – an increasing problem. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathology. 36:155-158.
Smeenk, N.A., G.J. Lipps, M.C. Allender, K. Backus, M. Freeman, D. Hribar, M. Parsley. 2016. Snake fungal disease, Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, in Ohio, USA. Herpetological Review. 47:592-594.
2015
Moore, A.R., M.C. Allender, M. Mitchell, A.L. MacNeill. 2015. Evaluation of fibrinogen as a diagnostic indicator of inflammation in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 246: 245-253.
Sim, R.R., T.M. Norton, E. Bronson, M.C. Allender, N. Stedman, J.F. Wellehan. 2015. Identification of a novel herpesvirus in captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Veterinary Microbiology, doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.029.
Allender, M.C., D. Bunick, E. Dzhaman, L. Burrus, C. Maddox. 2015. Development and use of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in snakes. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 27: 217-220.
Tetzlaff, S., M. Allender, M. Ravesi, J. Smith, B. Kingsbury. 2015. First report of snake fungal disease from Michigan, USA involving Massasaugas, Sistrurus catenatus (Rafinesque 1818). Herpetology Notes 8: 31-32.
Kleinschmidt, L.M., J.N. Langan, M.R. Warneke, M.J. Kinsel, M.C. Allender. 2015. Retrospective review of the prevalence of myelolipoma in Goeldi’s monkeys (Callimico goeldii). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46: 273-278.
Allender, M.C., D.B. Raudabaugh, F.H. Gleason, A.N. Miller. 2015. The natural history, ecology, and epidemiology of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola and its potential impact on free-ranging snake populations. Fungal Ecology 17:186-190.
Allender, M.C., M.J. Dreslik, B. Patel, E.L. Luber, J. Byrd, C.A. Phillips, J.W. Scott. 2015. Select metal and metalloid surveillance of free-ranging Eastern box turtles from Illinois and Tennessee (Terrapene carolina carolina). Ecotoxicology 24: 1269-1278.
Allender, M.C., R.E. Junge, S. Baker-Wylie, E.T. Hileman, L.J. Faust, C. Cray. 2015. Plasma electrophoretic profiles in the eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) and influences of age, sex, year, location, and snake fungal disease. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46:767-773.
Hausmann, J.C., A.N. Wack, M.C. Allender, M.R. Cranfield, K.J. Murphy, K. Barrett, J.L. Romero, J.F.X. Wellehan, S.A. Blum, C. Zink, E. Bronson. 2015. Experimental challenge study of FV3-like ranavirus infection in previously FV3-like ranavirus infected eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) to assess infection and survival. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46:732-746.
Flower, J.E., M.C. Allender, R.P. Giovanelli, S.D. Summers, T.R. Spoon, J.A. St. Leger, C.E.C. Goertz, J.L. Dunn, T.A. Romano, R.C. Hobbs, A.D. Tuttle. 2015. Circulating concentrations of thyroid hormone in Beluga whales (Delphinapterus Leucas): Influences of age, sex, and season. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46: 456—467.
Allender, M.C., S. Baker, D. Wylie, D. Loper, M.J. Dreslik, C.A. Phillips, C. Maddox, E.A. Driskell. 2015. Development of snake fungal disease after experimental challenge with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorous). PLOS One 10: e0140193/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140193.
Sander, S.J., M.A. Mitchell, J.K. Whittington, M.C. Allender, K.R. Welle. 2015. Effects of Artificial Ultraviolet Radiation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentrations in Captive Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. DOI:10.1053/j.jepm.2015.08.014.
2014
Emerson, J.A., J.K. Whittington, M.C. Allender, M.A. Mitchell. 2014. Effects of ultraviolet radiation produced from artificial lights on serum 25-hydoxyvitamin D concentration in captive domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi). American Journal of Veterinary Research 75: 380-384.
Sekowska, J., M.C. Allender, C.A. Phillips. 2014. Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Frog Virus 3 in Free-Ranging Populations of Northern Cricket Frogs (Acris crepitans), American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), and Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) in Illinois and Wisconsin. Herpetological Review 45: 245-247.
Rivas, A.R., M.C. Allender, M. Mitchell, J.K. Whittington. 2014. Morbidity and mortality in reptiles presented to a wildlife care facility in central Illinois. Journal of Human-Wildlife Interactions 8: 78-87.
Hoskinson, C., S. McCain, M.C. Allender. 2014. Comparison of body temperature readings between an implantable microchip and cloacal probe in lorikeets (Trichoglossus Haematodus sp.). Zoo Biology 33: 452-454.
Moore, A.R., M.C. Allender, A.L. MacNeill. 2014. Effects of ranavirus infection of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) on plasma protein concentrations as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 45: 298-305.
Krol, L., M.C. Allender, C. Cray, R. George. 2014. Plasma proteins and select acute phase proteins in white-spotted bamboo sharks (Chilscyllium plagiosum). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 45: 782-786.
Flower, J.E., J. Byrd, C. Cray, M.C. Allender. 2014. Plasma electrophoretic profiles and acute phase protein reference intervals in the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) and influences of age, sex, season, and location. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 45: 836-842.
Dolinski, A.C., M.C. Allender, V. Hsiao, C.W. Maddox. 2014. Systemic Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola infection in a free-ranging Plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 24: 7-10.
2013
Allender, M.C., M.A. Mitchell. Hematologic response to experimental infections of frog virus 3-like virus in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 23: 25-31.
Allender, M.C., D. Bunick, M.A. Mitchell. 2013. Development and validation of TaqMan quantitative PCR for detection of Frog Virus 3 in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Journal of Virological Methods 188: 121-125
Allender, M.C., M.J. Dreslik,, D.B. Wylie, S.J. Wylie, J.W. Scott, C.A. Phillips. Ongoing Health Assessment and Prevalence of Chrysosporium in the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus). Copiea 2013:97-102.
Allender, M.C., M.A. Mitchell, T. Torres, J. Sekowska, E.A. Driskell. Pathogenicity of frog virus 3-like virus in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) at two environmental temperatures. Journal of Comparative Pathology: 149: 356-367.
A.L. Labelle, C.B. Dresser, R.E. Hamor, M.C. Allender, J.L. Disney. 2013. Characteristics of, prevalence of, and risk factors for corneal pigmentation (pigmentary keratopathy) in pugs., Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association: 243: 667-674..
Allender, M.C., M.A. Mitchell, D. McRuer, S. Christian, J. Byrd. Prevalence, clinical signs, and natural history characteristics of frog virus 3-like infections in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Herpetological Conservation and Biology: 8: 308-320.
2012
Allender, M.C., M. Kastura, R. George, F. Bulman, J. Yarborough, S. Cox. Bioaccumulation fenbendazole in adult Artemia. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 21: 207-212.
Adkesson, M.J., R.E. Junge, M.C. Allender, T. Martin-Jimenez. 2012. Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting ceftiofur crystalline free acid formulation in the Asian elephant. American Journal of Veterinary Research: 73:1512-1518.
Rose, B.W., M.C. Allender. 2011. Health Assessment of the Free-ranging Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) in East Tennessee. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 21:107-112..
Allender, M.C., M.A. Mitchell, S. Cox. 2012. Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of acyclovir and valcyclovir in North American box turtles (Terrapene sp.). Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01418.x
2011
Allender, M.C., M. Kastura, R. George, F. Bulman, J. Yarborough, S. Cox. 2011. Bioencapsulation of metronidazole in adult brine shrimp (Artemia sp.). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 42:241-246.
Hughes, K.L., S. Hecht, M.C. Allender. 2011. What Is Your Diagnosis? Carapace fracture with spinal cord compression in a box turtle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 239: 573-574.
Allender, M.C., M. Abd-Eldaim, J. Schumacher, D. McRuer, L.S. Christian, M. Kennedy. 2011. Prevalence of Ranavirus Causing Morbidity and Mortality in Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Three Southeastern US States. Journal of Wildlife Disease 47: 759-764.
Cox, S., M.C. Allender, J. Yarborough. Determination of fenbendazole in adult Artemia using high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 34:1536-1545.
McCain, S.M., M.C. Allender, J. Schumacher, E.C. Ramsay. 2011. The effects of a probiotic on blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations in large felids. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 42:426-429.
Allender, M.C., M.J. Dreslik, S. Wylie, C.A. Phillips, D. Wylie, M.A. Delaney, M. Kinsel. 2011. An Unusual Mortality Event Associated with Chrysosporium in the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus). Emerging Infectious Diseases 17:2383-2384.
Allender, M.C., M. Kastura, R. George, F. Bulman, J. Yarborough, S. Cox. 2011. Bioencapsulation of fenbendazole in adult Artemia. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 21:207-212.
Rose, B.W., M.C. Allender. 2011. Health Assessment of the Free-ranging Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) in East Tennessee. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery. 21:107-112.
2010
Allender, M.C., J.S. Schumacher, R. George, J. Milam, A. Odoi. 2010. Effects of short- and long-term hypoxia on hemolymph gas values in the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41:193-200.
McCain, S.M., M.C. Allender, E.C. Ramsay, M. Bohling, F. Morandi, K.M. Newkirk. 2010. Thyroid neoplasia in captive raccoons. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41: 120-127.
Schrader, G, M.C. Allender, A. Odoi. 2010. A retrospective study of diagnosis, treatment and outcome of Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) presented to the University of Tennessee College of veterinary medicine wildlife clinic from 1995 – 2007. Journal of Wildlife Diseases: 46: 1079-1085.
Allender, M.C., M. Kastura, R. George, F. Bulman, J. Yarborough, S. Cox. 2010. Bioencapsulation of praziquantel in adult Artemia. Journal of Bioanalysis and Biomedicine. 2:96-99.
2009
Allender, M.C., M. Abd-Eldaim, A.R. Kuhns, M. Kennedy. 2009. Absence of frog virus 3 and herpesvirus in a PCR survey of two aquatic turtle species from a threatened habitat in Illinois. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 19: 16-20.
Allender, M.C., S.L. McCain, E.C. Ramsay, J. Schumacher, M. Ilha. 2009. Cervical necrotizing fasciitis and myositis in a Western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Journal of Medical Primatology 38: 156-159.
McCain, S.M., E.C. Ramsay, M.C. Allender, C. Souza, and J. Schumacher. 2009. Prevalence of pyometra in a large felid collection. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 40: 147-151.
Cox, S., M.C. Allender, J. Yarborough. 2009. Determination of metronidazole in adult Artemia using high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies 33: 89-96.
2008
Allender, M.C., J. Langan, and S. Citino. 2008. Investigation of normal aural bacterial and fungal flora following otitis externa in okapi (Okapia johnstoni). Journal of Veterinary Dermatology. 19:95–100.
Allender, M.C., J. Schumacher, J. Milam, R. George, S. Cox, T. Martin. 2008. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous itraconazole in the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 31:83-86.
Allender, M.C., J. Schumacher, K. Thomas, S. McCain, E. Ramsay, E. James, A. Wise, R. Maes, D. Reel. 2008. Aleutian mink parvovirus-like disease in a captive striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association. 232:742-746.
Allender, M.C., M.A. Mitchell, M.J. Dreslik, C.A. Phillips, V.R. Beasley. 2008. Characterizing the agreement among four ophidian paramyxovirus isolates performed with three hemagglutination inhibition assay systems using Eastern massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) plasma. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 39:358-361.
2007
Allender, M.C., M. Briggs, C.F. Shipley. 2007. Hypothyroidism in an African forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 38:143-145
2006
Allender, M.C., M. Mitchell, C.A. Phillips, V.R. Beasley. 2006. Hematology, plasma biochemistry, and serology of selected viral diseases in wild-caught eastern massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) from Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 42:107-114.
Allender, M.C., M.M. Fry, A.R. Irizarry, L. Craig, A.J. Johnson, M. Jones. 2006. Intracytoplasmic inclusions in circulating leukocytes from an Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) with iridoviral infection. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 42:677-684.
Presentations:
2014
Allender, M.C., C.A. Phillips. The power of collaboration: integrating biology, natural history, and wildlife health for conservation. Illinois Department of Natural Resources Brown Bag Series, Springfield, IL, January 2014.
Allender, M.C. Collaborating to go beyond disease outbreaks to assess wellness of wildlife. Illinois Natural History Survey Seminar Series, February 2014.
Allender, M.C. Snake fungal disease associated with Ophidiomyces in snakes across eastern North America. The Wildlife Society Regional Meeting, Fall Creek Falls State Park, Tennessee, March 2014.
Allender, M.C., In the age of Ranavirus: Integrating a health component to an existing project. Regional Box Turtle Conservation Workshop, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, East Lansing, MI. March 2014.
Wylie, D.B., S.J. Wylie, M.J. Dreslik, C.A. Phillips, and M.C. Allender. Prevalence of snake fungal disease in the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) from Illinois. Biology of the Pitvipers 2, Tulsa, OK, June 2014.
Wylie, D.B., M.C. Allender, S.J. Wylie, M.J. Dreslik, C.A. Phillips. A test of non-invasive detection methods for snake fungal disease. Biology of the Pitvipers 2, Tulsa, OK, June 2014.
Allender, M.C, D. Bunick, C. Maddox. Another fungal pathogen threatening conservation: epidemiology of Ophidiomyces in free-ranging snakes. Mycologist Society of America Annual Meeting, East Lansing, MI, June 2014.
2013
Allender, M.C. Epidemiology and Treatment of Ranavirus in Chelonians. 4th Box Turtle Conservation Workshop, Asheboro, NC, March 2013.
Allender, M.C., J. Byrd. Development of a Health Screening Protocol and Incorporating it into an Existing Field Project. 4th Box Turtle Conservation Workshop, Asheboro, NC, March 2013.
Hausmann, J., A.N. Wack, M.C. Allender, M.R. Cranfield, K.J. Murphy, J.L. Romero, J.F. Wellehan, C. Zink, E. Bronson. Experimental challenge study of Ranavirus infection in previously infected eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) to assess immunity. 4th Box Turtle Conservation Workshop, Asheboro, NC, March 2013.
Lloyd, T.C., M.C. Allender, M.J. Dreslik, J. Byrd, C.A. Phillips, and R. Moore. Baseline Hematology and Plasma Biochemistry Values for Free-Ranging Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in Illinois and Tennessee. 4th Box Turtle Conservation Workshop, Asheboro, NC, March 2013.
Allender, M.C. Ranavirus in North American Chelonians. Ranavirus Symposium at the Wildlife Disease Association Annual Meeting, Knoxville, TN.
Allender, M.C. Slow and Steady . . . Box Turtles as Sentinels of Ecosystem Health: Disease Epidemiology, Health Assessments, and Environmental Contamination. Department of Forestry, Purdue University Faculty Seminar Series, August 2013.
Whittington, J.K., J.A. Emerson, S.J. Sander, A.E.Rivas, M.C. Allender, K. Welle, M.A. Mitchell. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), and chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Association of Exotic Small Mammals Annual Conference, October 2013.
Flower, J.E., J. Byrd, C. Cray, M.C. Allender. Plasma acute phase protein concetrations in the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) and influence of age, sex, season, and geography. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, October 2013.
Kleinschmidt, L.M., J.N. Langan, M. Warneke, M.C. Allender, M.J. Kinsel. Retrospective review of the incidence of myelolipoma in Goeldi’s monkeys (Callimico goeldii) and implications for future study.American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, October 2013.
Allender, M.C. Slow and steady. . . box turtles as indicators of environmental health. University of Illinois Department of Pathobiology Faculty Seminar Series, October 2013.
2012
Allender, M.C. Zoological Species Anatomy. Am. Assoc. Anatom. Regional meeting, Chicago, IL. February 2012.
Cox, S., M. Allender, J. Yarbrough. Determination of Praziquantel in Adult Artemia using Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Orlando, FL, March 12-15, 2012.
Hsiao, V., C. Maddox, M.C. Allender. Chrysoporium sp., a Potentially Emerging Pathogen of Snakes. North Central Conference of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Meeting. June 2012.
DeFrancisco, A., K. Singh, M. Allender. Inclusion Body Disease in a Boa Constrictor. North Central Conference of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Meeting. June 2012.
Allender, M.C. Box turtle health. Seminar, UT Arboretum Society/Clinch River Environmental Studies Organization. June 2012.
Allender, M.C., S.Cox, M.Mitchell. Ranavirus in free-ranging chelonians in North America. Tenth Annual Conference on Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises, Tucson, AZ. August 16-19, 2012.
J.L. McGuire, M.J. Gray, D.L. Miller, M.J. Yabsley, and M.C. Allender. Ranaviruses: An emerging threat to chelonians. Tenth Annual Conference on Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises, Tucson, AZ. August 16-19, 2012.
M.C. Allender. Facial disfiguration syndrome in free-ranging snakes throughout the eastern US: another emerging pathogen associated with Chrysosporium? 18th Annual Tennessee Herpetological Society Conference, Martin, TN. September 27th, 2012.
M.C. Allender. Facial disfiguration syndrome in free-ranging snakes throughout the eastern us: an emerging pathogen associated with chrysosporium. Annual Conference of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Oakland, CA, October 2012.
R.R. Sim, A.N. Wack, M.C. Allender, K.J. Murphy, E. Bronson. Management of a concurrent ranavirus and herpesvirus epizootic event in captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). Annual Conference of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Oakland, CA, October 2012.
A.C. Dolinski, M.C. Allender, V. Hsiao, C. Maddox. A systemic Chrysosporium infection in a free-ranging Plain’s garter snake (Thamnophis radix). Annual Conference of American College of Veterinary pathologists, Seattle, WA, December 2012.
2011
Allender, M., R. George, M. Kastura, J. Yarborough, S. Cox. Bioencapsulation of metronidazole, fenbendazole, and praziquantel in adult Artemia. Int Assoc Aquatic Anim. Med Conf 2011.
Adkesson, M.J., P. Majluf, M. Cardeña, S. Cardenas, J.N. Langan, G. Jankowski, S. De la Puente, M.C. Allender, A. Watanabe, and M. Macek. 2011. From penguins to fur seals: marine ecosystem conservation projects at Punta San Juan, Peru. Int Assoc Aquatic Anim. Med Conf 2011.
Jankowski, G.R., M.C. Allender, M.J. Adkesson, M. Cardeña, F. Garcia, P. Guerrero, and P. Majluf. Hemolymph gas analysis in the black sea urchin (Tetrapygus niger) and the red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus) using an iSTAT point of care analyzer. Int Assoc Aquatic Anim. Med Conf 2011.
Way, B., M.C. Allender. Health Survey of Free-ranging eastern box turtles in Tennessee. Assoc. Reptilian Amphib Ann. Conf 2011, Seattle, WA.
Rivas, A., J. Whittington, M.A. Mitchell, M.C. Allender. Morbidity and Mortality of Reptiles Presented to the University of Illinois Wildlife Medical Clinic. Assoc. Reptilian Amphib Ann. Conf 2011, Seattle, WA.
Allender, M.C. Ranavirus in chelonians in North America. International Symposia on Ranaviruses at the Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Minneapolis, MN. July 7, 2011.
Allender, M.C. Diseases of Free-ranging Reptiles and Amphibians. Seminar, University of Prince Edward Island – Atlantic Veterinary College. September 2011.
Allender, M.C. Selected cases in Zoological medicine. Seminar, University of Prince Edward Island – Atlantic Veterinary College. September 2011.
Allender, M.C. Health and Disease in the Conservation of the Eastern Box Turtle. Seminar, Clinch River Environmental Studies Organization. September 2011.
Allender, M.C. Quantitative PCR for detection of Ranavirus in eastern box turtles. Ann. Conf. Amer. Assoc. Zoo Vet., Kansas City, MO. October 2011.
2010
George, R., M. Allender. Plasma phosphorus levels as a marker for acute and chronic nephritis in captive sand tiger sharks, Carcharias taurus. Int Assoc Aquatic Anim. Med Conf 2010.
Allender, M. An unusual mortality event associated with Chrysosporium in the eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus). Fish and Wildlife Service Annual Meeting on Threatened/Endangered Species: Midwest Region. Indianapolis, IN 2010.
Dralle, S., M. Mitchell, M. Allender, R. Dallwig, M. Watson, J. Kirshenbaum, K. Wangen. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in healthy adult male bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Annual Conference, South Padre Island, 2010.
2009
Allender, M., R. George, K. Abney. Annual reproductive hormone cycles of male and female cow-nose rays. Int Assoc Aquatic Anim. Med Conf 2009.
George, R., M. Allender. Using ultrasonography in characterizing the reproductive cycle of the southern and spotted eagle stingray. Int Assoc Aquatic Anim. Med Conf 2009.